La lucha por un Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional
Résumé
El mundo contemporáneo se encuentra en una fase de desintegración del orden económico internacional. Dicha constelación genera una crisis política y, además, fomenta un reagrupamiento geoeconómico acelerado en el eje geopolítico Norte Global y Sur Global. La divergencia de intereses económicos entre los países desarrollados y los países en desarrollo estimuló el proceso de establecimiento de un nuevo orden económico mundial. Este orden, que se encuentra en statu nascendi, fue iniciado por potencias económicas regionales (Brasil, Rusia, India, China, Sudáfrica - BRICS), que luchan por equilibrar el orden liberal establecido por los Estados Unidos de América y los principales Estados capitalistas tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Esta constelación de relaciones conviene en cierta medida a los países del Tercer Mundo, porque al establecer un nuevo orden económico podrían alcanzar algunos de los objetivos y principios clave de independencia económica por los que el Movimiento de Países No Alineados (MNOAL) y las Naciones Unidas lucharon persistentemente durante décadas. Sin embargo, antes de eso, estos países deberían cerrar filas y dirigir sus esfuerzos a resolver los problemas económicos internacionales más importantes, que incluyen las reformas de las instituciones económicas internacionales, el establecimiento de un sistema financiero internacional alternativo al sistema de Bretton Woods, el desarrollo progresivo y la consolidación del derecho económico internacional y la reafirmación del papel de las Naciones Unidas en el ámbito de las relaciones económicas internacionales.
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