Poder judicial e influencia política en los Estados Unidos: La polarización de la Corte Suprema, 2017-2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17857669Palabras clave:
Corte Suprema Estados Unidos, Estados Unidos, polarización política, tendencias ideológicas, movimiento legal conservador, legitimidad institucionalResumen
Este estudio analiza la transformación de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos (SCOTUS) en un actor político polarizado durante el período 2017-2022. La metodología consistió en un análisis exhaustivo de las 358 decisiones de la Corte, identificando y filtrando 72 fallos con impacto político directo mediante un marco de cinco componentes clave del sistema político. Cada decisión fue clasificada en un eje binario liberal-conservador utilizando una tipología basada en criterios del Pew Research Center. Adicionalmente, realizamos un examen cuantitativo y cualitativo de los votos individuales de los jueces y de las opiniones concurrentes y disidentes para evaluar la polarización interna. Los resultados revelan una tendencia conservadora dominante y en intensificación (86,3% de los fallos políticamente significativos) y demuestran un claro clivaje ideológico entre los magistrados, vinculado directamente al partido del presidente que los nominó. Concluimos que la profunda polarización política de la SCOTUS cuestiona su imagen técnica y neutral y socava su legitimidad institucional.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Revista Política Internacional
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